Vapor-burner



(H9 Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. A. L-ANNERT & W. R. JEAVONS.

VAPOR BURNER.

No. 570,854. Patented Nov. 3, 1896.

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(No Model.)

7 2Shegts-Sheet 2 J. A. LANNERT- 85 W. R. JEAVONS. VAPOR BURNER.

Patented Nov. 3, 1896.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN A. LANNERT AND WILLIAM R. JEAVONS, OF CLEVELAND, OIIIO.

VAPOR-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 570,854., datedNovember 3, 1896.

Application filed June 23, 1896. Serial No. 596,619. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JOHN A. LANNERT and WILLIAM R. J EAVONS, citizensof the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahogaand State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inVapor-Burners; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Our invention relates to the class of vaporburners having a suitablecombustion-chamber and in which the vapor for combustion is supplied bymeans of a wick. Several objectionable features are found in many formsof burners of this class, which this invention is designed to overcome,as, for example, the heating of the wick-tube to a dangerous degree,together with an uncontrollable variation in the height of the flame,which is notably affected by any change in the temperature of thewick-tube; second, the creeping of the oil over the perforated walls andparts while the burner is idle and occasioning an almost unbearable odoron again being heated; third, the defective flame which has followedwhen a flat wick and corresponding combustion-chamber were used, theflame not filling the chamber evenly from side to side, but shooting upto an extended point or tongue and issuing from the chamber in thecenter only; fourth, the disagreeable odor when the flame was turnedout, because the heated condition of the wick-tube and part would for aconsiderable time vaporize a measure of oil from the turned-down wickand give the vapor 0% into the atmosphere.

The object of our invention is to provide a burner in which all of theseand other like defects are obviated, and our invention thereforeconsists in the construction and combination of parts, as hereinaftermore fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims. I

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a central vertical sectionalelevation of a vapor-burner constructed and arranged in accordance withour invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on the line 1 1 of Fig.4. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the burner. Fig. 4

is a transverse section on line at at of Fig. 1.

5 is a perspective view of the combustion-tube, and Fig. 6 is aperspective view of a fragment of a modified form of combustiontube.

Like letters of reference indicate like elements in the several figures.

In Fig. 1 A is the oil-reservoir, and a the wick-tube, as usual. Thewick is raised and lowered by spur-wheel a in the usual manner.

1) is what we prefer to term a vaporizer, which is supported above thewick-tube proper, relatively about as shown and substantially insulatedtherefrom, thereby preventing the conduction of heat to the wicktube, atleast in any such degree as to bring said tube also to a vaporizingtemperature, and incidentally producing a construction which preventscreeping of the oil over the burner. The said vaporizer b has a walledpassage 1) with substantially parallel sides, as shown, so that thewick, when withdrawn more or less into the said passage 1) for themaintenance of a low flame, will still close the passage against theentrance of air. The lower part of the said passage is flared outwardly,substantially as shown, to facilitate the entrance of the Wick.

The part B is provided on top with a seat b for holding thecombustion-tube C in proper position about the passage or wickopeningI), and also is provided with air-openings, as shown at b Figs. 1 and 4,for supplying a limited quantity of air to the airchamber E, formed bycasing E about the combustion-tube.

If preferred, the plate or part 13 might be vantage in operation,because thereby the said part does not lose heat by conduction to thewick-tube proper, and hence becomes more quickly heated to vaporizingcondition and attains to a higher and more constant temperature thanwould occur otherwise, and rendering the vaporizing conditions about theexposed end of the wick more constant than is possible where the heatmay be subtracted from this point by easy conduction and diffusedoverlargersurfaces. It will also be clear that in devices where thewick-tube heats excessively, as occurs where a perforatedcombustion-chamber is used, considerable vaporization will occur in thewick-tube, and under some conditions of use, as in baking, where theparts become highly heated, the flame will continue to burn even withthe wick turned down far into the tube; but by the arrangement of thevaporizer as herein described all trouble and danger from this source isavoided, because, though the vaporizerbecomes highly heated, as desired,to promote vaporization of the oil, the comparatively cool wick-tubebelow, into which the wick is turned when the burner is extin-.

guished, at once stops vaporization.

The frame part D is seated on the outer edge of plate B and is hingedthereto, as shown at 71, and held down by catch 7r. The part D carriesthe casing E, and the top casting F surmounts the said casing, and thebolts G connect the top casting F with the bottom part D.

A portion of the frame D projects inwardly, as shown at (Z, Figs. 2 and4:, to form a support for the combustion-tube O at its lower portion,said tube having a head or beads c, or the like, to engage with saidframe.

The top casting F engages the upper portion of the combustion-tube inalike manner at f f, and thus the tube 0 is securely held in the chamberE against displacement.

\Ve have discovered that in this form of burner, if the combustion-tubebe constructed about its narrow sides or edges, as indicated by 2, so asto supply relatively less air to the combustion-011a rnber than issupplied over an equal area on the broad side 4, the flame will fill thechamber evenly from edge to edge across the said chamber and produce thebest possible results, whereas, if the air supply be the samesubstantially over the entire surface of the tube, the flame willdevelop largely at the center of the chamber and shoot up in a longtongue. This of course is very objectionable, and is wholly overcome bylimiting the air supply at the edges of the tube, as at 2 in Fig. 5, andat the corresponding edge 6 in Fig. 6. The edge of the burner orcombustion-chamber, as it is understood in this instance, lies outsidethe dotted line 5 5, Fig. 5. This edge comprises one row of perforationsat each side and a plain edge proper, and obviously, if the portion ofthe tube between the dotted lines on both sides were flattened out, itwould show only about two-fifths as many openings as the correspondingarea on the broad side 4:. It is somewhere about this proportion thatshould be observed in the air supply at edge and side to get the resultalready described. The same effect might be obtained by varying the sizeof the air-holes and by other ways that might be suggested.

The top casting F projects over the top of the air chamber E and isprovided with openings ff, Figs. 2 and 3, to permit a limited quantityof air to pass through. The function of this plate is to retard the freeflow of air from the air-chamber E, so that some measure of air will beforced through the perforations into the combustion-chamber at its upperportion. The openings f f permit currents of air through chamber E, andthus serve to keep the walls of the combustionchamber at a loweredtemperature. To contribute to this end,the openin gs f f are formedclose to the combustion-walls. The said openings being close to thecombustion-walls diroot the escaping heated air to the flame issuingfrom the combustion-chamber, thus contributin g to more perfectcombustion. These openings may be larger or smaller, but their totalopen area should be in certain ratio to the area of opening through thewick-plate, the character of the flame and the temperature of thechamber-walls being the criterion by which to adjust the air inflow andoutflow. These openings f f, if desired, may take the form of acontinuous slot of proper width or other equivalent form.

I11 operation the casing carrying the combustion-chamber is tilted onhinges h to aff'ord access to the wick, which must be turned up throughthe vaporizer b for ignition, and when the parts are restored to placefor use the catch 7; comes into engagement. The burner being lighted andthe parts returned to place a blue flame occurs in the combustion-tubeand emerges evenly from the top thereof as the chamber becomes fullyheated. \Yith low flame the wick rests within the passage of thevaporizer Z), about onefourth of an inch below its top, so that the wickhas no outside exposure. In turning the fire completely out the wick iswithdrawn entirely from the vaporizer 1) into the wick-tube a, which, byreason of its being substantially separated from the vaporizer, does notbecome unduly heated even after a long use of the burner. Furthermore,the possibility of the oil creeping over the burner parts and producingdisagreeable odors first or last is cut off, and the oil is positivelyconfined where no odors can be generated.

"hat we claim, and desire to obtain by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a vapor-burner, a wick-tube and a vaporizer above said tubeadapted to receive the wick and substantially insulated from said tube,substantially as set forth.

2. In vapor-burners, a wick-tube, and a vaporizer constructed to receivethe top of the wick and arranged above said-tube in such position as toprevent extreme heating of the tube from the vaporizer, and means towithdraw the wick from the vaporizer into said tube, substantially asset forth.

'3. A vapor-burner having a suitable combustion-chamber, a wick-tube,and an oilvaporizer between said chamber and tube and substantiallyinsulated from said tube, substantially as set forth.

1. A vapor-burner in which a wick is used, comprising a vaporizerconstructed to receive the top of the wick when combustion takes place,a wick-tube, means to carry the wick into and out of the vaporizer, anda combustion-chamber, substantially as set forth.

5. In a vapor-burner using a wick, a vaporizer adapted to receive thetop end'of the wick when combustion takes place,and means to carry thewick into the vaporizer and to withdraw it wholly therefrom,substantially as set forth.

6. In a vapor-burner, a Vaporizer having an opening to receive the wickflared outwardly at its bottom, and a wick-tube substantially insulatedfrom said vaporizer, substantially as set forth.

'7. In a vapor-burner, a wick-tube, a combustion-tube, and a memberabove said wick tube having a walled passage for the wick and a seat forthe combustion-tube and means to withdraw the wick from the passage insaid member, substantially as set forth.

8. In the burner described, the combination with the wick-tube and theperforated combustion-tube, of a vaporizer provided with a wick-passageand a seat about its top for the combustion-tube, said wicktube andvaporizer being substantially out of heat-conducting contact with eachother, substantially as set forth.

9. In a vapor-burner, a combustion-tube provided with perforations soarranged with reference to the flame that more air relatively issupplied to the sides than to the edges of edges of the tube extendingfrom top to bottom, whereby air is excluded at said edges, substantiallyas set forth.

12. In a vapor-burner 0f the kind described, the wick-tube, theperforated combustiontube seated above said wick-tube, the casingforming an air-chamber about said combustion-tube, and a cover closingthe top of said air-chamber having one or more openings for the passageof a limited quantity of. air, substantially as set forth.

13. The burner described having a perforated combustion-tube, a casingabout said tube forming an air-chamber between said parts, and a plateover the top of said chamber about said combustion-t ube having apassage for the escape of air from said chamber, substantially as setforth.

14. The combination of the perforated combustion-tube, the casing aboutthe same, a perforated part forming a support for said tube and casing,and a plate across the top I of said casing having an opening for thecombustion-tube, and an outlet for air from the chamber between saidcasing and tube, substantially as set forth.

15. The perforated combustion-tube and the casing about the same, incombination with a perforated part forming a bottom for said tube andcasing and aplate about the top of said top constructed to check andlimit the outflow of air from the air-chamber, substantially as setforth.

16. The perforated combustion-tube and easing about the same, incombination with plate D provided with projections to support said tubeagainst lateral movement, substantially as set forth.

17 The perforated combustion-tube and the casing about the same, incombination with a perforated part forming a bottom for said tube andsaid casing, substantially as set forth.

\Vitness our hands to the foregoing specification this 20th day of June,1896.

JOHN A. LANNERT.

WILLIAM R. JEAVONS. 'Witnesses:

H. T. Frsnnn, H. E. lVIUDRA.

